Primary malignant tumours of the bone

Abstract 

Primary bone tumours of bone are rare, with approximately 400 new cases per year in the UK. The diagnosis of bone tumours are hampered by delays in presentation and diagnosis. There are x-ray changes which are often characteristic for each type of bone tumour and x-rays should alert the physician to investigate further. Investigations should include blood tests, local staging and systemic staging. MRI, CT of the chest and isotope bone scans are important in evaluating the tumour. The most common types of bone tumour are Osteosarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, Spindle Cell Sarcoma of bone and Chordoma. The important features and treatment of each type of tumour are described in the article. Early contact to a tertiary referral bone tumour unit is mandatory when a bone tumour is suspected, where a multidisciplinary team approach is employed. Biopsy and surgical treatment should only be undertaken in such a unit and all patients should be enrolled in international clinical trials in an attempt to improve outcomes. The survival rates from most bone tumours are of the order of 60-80% with appropriate treatment.

Keywords: chondrosarcoma, chordoma, ewings, osteosarcoma, primary bone tumour